My Opinion on the Current War essays

My Opinion on the Current War essays I appreciate what the men did for our country way back when, but those wars you spoke of weren't fought over nothing.If the leader of a world power were to publically annouce that you were Evil and must be destroyed and then began destroying countries that too were Evil, wouldn't you want to protect yourself, taking any measures in which to do so? We aren't protecting the rights of humans by attacking them simply because we are scared, we are taking away their rights. Just because those people don't live in America doesn't mean they don't have the right to feel safe and secure in their own homes and their own land? When Afganistan was invaded, they weren't going after a country, they were going after a terrorist group. It's different when you're waging a war against an entire country as a whole. Furthermore, It's obvious that America is going to start this war and drag the rest of the United Nations into the situation and then they are going to feel the full effect of retaliation from "the Evil" countries, while America remains out of harms reach. Maybe I'm just being paranoid but it's rather ironic that these listed-evil countries are also the most prominent oil producing countries. If this does turn out to be about money and oil, what little worldly respect America has, will be destroyed. I do believe that "Our walls need to be guarded" but I don't believe that Other mens walls deserve to be attacked simply because they have been labled. These people have been seen as a threat for centuries, and yet they have never acted against us. I don't think they're stupid enough to act against us, but they too are as proud as Americans are. They aren't going to let themselves be attcked and their lives taken away from them, and we don't have the moral right to make such threats. We have destroyed no countries so far, only helped free one of a regime that oppressed it while raping the land and people for all they're worth. ...

Free Essays on Fall of Man Through Knowledge (comparison of Frankenstien and Genesis)

Throughout history, man has been fascinated with the origins of life. Questions like, â€Å"where did we come from?† and â€Å" how were we created?† have been asked for ages. We have even fantasized about creating life ourselves and the never-ending quest for knowledge pursues to this day. Genesis reflects how one ancient people explained not only their own beginnings, but also the creation of the world. The first few chapters also introduce the â€Å"fall† of humanity. We were created along with the rest of the world and were in paradise, until the opportunity to gain knowledge arose. â€Å"And the serpent said to the woman, ‘you shall not be doomed to die. For God knows that on the day you eat of [the fruit from the tree in the midst of the garden] your eyes will be opened and will become as gods knowing good and evil’† (ch.3, 4-5). Man chose knowledge, which led to his downfall. In my opinion this theme of man’s search for knowledge ultimately leading to â€Å"fall† of humanity is also present in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein. Both texts are similar in that they serve as warnings for foolish quests for knowledge and power. Shelly wrote in her introduction, â€Å"Frightful must it be for supremely frightful would be the effect of any human endeavor to mock the stupendous mechanism of the creator of the world† (viii). Victor Frankenstein is obsessed with the attainment of knowledge and trying to immortalize himself through an endeavor. So much so, that his morals seem to be forgotten. Adam and Eve consumed a fruit to feed their hunger for knowledge and Frankenstein became consumed with science to fill his appetite. Victor was longing for God-like power by trying to create life. He did not consider the consequences of his actions of seeking God’s knowledge and neither did Adam and Eve. Victor said, â€Å"What had been the study and desire of the wisest men since the creation of the world was now within my grasp† (11... Free Essays on Fall of Man Through Knowledge (comparison of Frankenstien and Genesis) Free Essays on Fall of Man Through Knowledge (comparison of Frankenstien and Genesis) Throughout history, man has been fascinated with the origins of life. Questions like, â€Å"where did we come from?† and â€Å" how were we created?† have been asked for ages. We have even fantasized about creating life ourselves and the never-ending quest for knowledge pursues to this day. Genesis reflects how one ancient people explained not only their own beginnings, but also the creation of the world. The first few chapters also introduce the â€Å"fall† of humanity. We were created along with the rest of the world and were in paradise, until the opportunity to gain knowledge arose. â€Å"And the serpent said to the woman, ‘you shall not be doomed to die. For God knows that on the day you eat of [the fruit from the tree in the midst of the garden] your eyes will be opened and will become as gods knowing good and evil’† (ch.3, 4-5). Man chose knowledge, which led to his downfall. In my opinion this theme of man’s search for knowledge ultimately leading to â€Å"fall† of humanity is also present in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein. Both texts are similar in that they serve as warnings for foolish quests for knowledge and power. Shelly wrote in her introduction, â€Å"Frightful must it be for supremely frightful would be the effect of any human endeavor to mock the stupendous mechanism of the creator of the world† (viii). Victor Frankenstein is obsessed with the attainment of knowledge and trying to immortalize himself through an endeavor. So much so, that his morals seem to be forgotten. Adam and Eve consumed a fruit to feed their hunger for knowledge and Frankenstein became consumed with science to fill his appetite. Victor was longing for God-like power by trying to create life. He did not consider the consequences of his actions of seeking God’s knowledge and neither did Adam and Eve. Victor said, â€Å"What had been the study and desire of the wisest men since the creation of the world was now within my grasp† (11...

Peer Reviewed Sources Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Peer Reviewed Sources - Essay Example Based on the idea about bureaucracy, what is important in this approach is the thought that Newton should be involved in a hierarchy, which is an actual situation in an organization where he could adapt the role that each member should consider - with all respect to what would be deemed as something good for the entire group. For this reason, Newton must be able to participate in the actual prevailing situation in an organization with all the willingness to adhere to it by responding to the common good. Thus, it is important to apply necessary roles emphasizing the given situation, but the bottom line of this, particularly in the hybrid relational bureaucratic approach is communication. Thus, there must be a need to consider solving problem associated with the given situation, by making it clear at Newton’s point of view that order should prevail. Considering that Newton’s actuation could probably be off-putting to other employees and eventually to the entire operation, Newton must therefore have incurred something that must have gone beyond the norm and is considered offensive, which at some point may stand as ground for potential violation, something that the company could not excuse with his own level of reasoning. For this reason, disciplinary actions in line with committing offensive moves at work with corresponding degree of infraction should be given to Newton. The case of Newton is the same as the case presented by Martha (2008), although applied in the context of public school officials and students. There was a problem raised in this case because while school guidelines are present, some of them may go against the students’ First Amendments rights. I should consider this as a potential issue when considering disciplinary actions against Newton. If any case, depending on the degree of violation committed and aggravating circumstances earned and discharge would be necessary, probable consideration of

Principles of Operations Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Principles of Operations Management - Assignment Example Receipt of raw materials and dispatch of products From the requirements projected it is learned that this firm has a receipt of raw materials and dispatch of produced goods in quite reasonable quality. This demands the following. a) Receipt area should be near to the road, b) Receipt area has sufficient vehicle parking area. c) Receipt area has sufficient space for material handling equipments and men to work. d) Dispatch area should again be near to road e) In order to avoid difficulties in traffic management ,both receipt and dispatch area is required to be at both axis. Re-Layout of shop floor Generally when considering a re lay out the following should be kept in the mind. a)saving space by utilizing unused areas, b)save resources by reducing distances between similar machineries and related process, c) arrange the equipments/machineries/steps in progressive manner, d) save man and machine efforts by placing more of raw/incomplete products in a given sequence to achieve shorter distance, e)further developments :- always think 10 years in advance and anticipate the automation and use of robots for all production activities. Justification of layout of sections 1. Saw Sawing is given 90 sqm according to the requirement. It need to be near the entrance to facilitate easy movements of raw materials to the shop. Since here the receipt of raw materials is involved there will be lot of movements of personnel consignment carriers had own supervisors and workers. Hence it is located next to the walkway .IT is placed near to the road at the approach to facilitate sufficient parking space to the vehicles. safety of the workers is very important at this sect. 2. Press 1 This is a process required immediately after sawing. Hence need to be next or near to sawing area to

“Little Warrior” by Lucille O’Neal Essay Example for Free

â€Å"Little Warrior† by Lucille O’Neal Essay Lucille O’Neal wrote â€Å" Little Warrior†. The story is about the way Shaquille O’Neal got his name. A young single mother, strict grandparents house, and it was a racist time. A racist time was happening and Martin Luther King was killed. Giving her child a Muslim name with great meaning. Raising a child by yourself is hard to do and she gave her son the best foundations while growing up. The responsibilities and together in order to survive. Andy Greenberg wrote â€Å" A Step Beyond Human† . The story is about Hugh Herr both Herr’s legs were amputated six inches below the knee after a rock climbing trip ended in severe frostbite. His goal to build artificial limbs that are superior to natural ones. He lost both his legs as an adult and a man died saving his life. This Motivated him to help others by creating better prosthetic limbs. Nearly thousand soldiers who have lost limbs in Iraq and Afghanistan. Paralympics athletes will regularly outperform Olympic athletes. May need special disability laws for humans who decline to have their bodies mechanically enhanced, Herr says. The theme of the short story â€Å" Indian Education† by Sherman Alexie is despair, poverty, and alcoholism amongst the lives of the Native American people. In the beginning of his school, he was weak and always bullied and beaten by higher grade students, and punished by his teacher because of his race. As he was growing up, Victor was demanded by his teacher preparing to be a doctor in the future. However, he knew that all Indians had their own dream. Later, he talked more about his life, about how he learn to obey teachers order, his kiss to a white girl, his poor life, death of another Indian and the lost of football his game. At last, he finished his school year with a good ending, but his most of his former classmates learned almost nothing. Victor education was spend in an poor, tragic and full-of-discrimination life, and ended in a numb stoic. He was not the only one, but one among all the Indian tribe whom were called Indians during the past time. I can imagine that it was hard for the O’Neal family during a racist time and Ms. O’Neal was the only provider for the family. I would have been just like Shaquille by obeying my mother and striving for the best. I can’t relate to Hugh Herr awful mishap of loosing both legs. However, I like how he turned a awful accident into a great invention by inventing prosthetic legs. Victor definitely had a hard-life ass a Native American, He had dreams just like many of us today, however we have a greater chance of fulfilling or dreams.

Summative Statement Essay -- Personal Experience

Summative Statement I did not set out to be a teacher nor did I set out to be a leader but today I am both a teacher and a leader in educational technology. Through my studies in the Educational Technology program at the University of Alaska Southeast I have created a solid foundation for that leadership role. My portfolio shows what I have learned in educational technology and my growth as a technology leader. Each artifact was chosen to emphasize what I believe is most important in education for me. They show my commitment to professional growth, my dedication in supporting student learning, and my belief in the strength of collaboration. Early on in my career as a teacher I learned the value of professional growth for myself. This took the form of professional development that I gained from conferences I attended and grants I was awarded. I also knew that I could share what I learned with others within my school and presenting at conferences. As an educational technology leader I use the knowledge and skills gained from my university classes in providing professional develop...

Biogeography as Evidence That Evolution Accounts for Diversity of Life

2) Biogeography is one source of evidence that evolution accounts for the diversity of life. Biogeography is the study of the geographic distribution of species and has contributed evidence for descent from common ancestors, which was hypothesized by Charles Darwin. Darwin and Alfred Wallace were both very interested in biogeography, which provided Darwin with evidence for evolution. Species distribution can be accounted for by ecological factors or by historical factors. The three major historical factors affecting geographic distribution are dispersal, extinction and vicariance. Island biogeography has been extensively studied to show the evolution of species due to geographic barriers. Biogeography along with the history of the earth lends supporting evidence to evolution and the diversity of life on earth. Darwin showed that biogeographic facts make sense if a species has a definite site of origin, achieves a broader distribution by dispersal, and becomes modified giving rise to descendent species in the regions in which it migrates. He noticed that unrelated organisms inhabit parts of the world with similar climates and habitats, such as Old and New World organisms. Darwin also found that organisms of various regions may be different due to barriers or obstacles that may limit migration. He also stated that there is a relation between inhabitants of the same continent or sea but that species differ from place to place. An example of this is aquatic rodents of South America are related to mountainous and grassland rodents of South America, but not to aquatic rodents of North America. Alfred Wallace noticed that several higher taxa had similar distributions and that the composition of biota is more uniform within certain regions then between them. He had collected specimens in the Malay Archipelago and had thought of natural selection. He did extensive field work in the Amazon and noticed that geographic barriers, such as the Amazon River itself, separated the ranges of closely related species. These observations led him to designate several biogeographic realms. He observed that the fauna of Australia and Asia were different and the break between them is known as the Wallace Line. Historical factors affecting geographic distributions of species include extinction, dispersal, and vicariance. Extinction of certain opulations reduces the distribution of species but it also allows for diversification. Extinctions are selective in that some species are more likely to survive then others. For example, gastropods with wide geographic and ecological distributions and those with many species survived the end-Permian extinction. Extinction can lead to diversification in that it resets the stage for evolutionary radiations, perhaps by p ermitting the appearance of new community structures. Futuyma suggests that the extinction of one group permits the efflorescence of others, which is also shown in the fossil record. Dispersal and vicariance are the major hypotheses attributing to a taxon’s distribution. An example of vicarance is taxa that have members on different land masses in the Southern Hemisphere, which is hypothesized to be due to the breakup of Gondwanaland isolating descendents of common ancestors. America, Africa, Madagascar, and India are all home to the freshwater fishes, cichlids. Molecular phylogenetic analyses has shown that two sister clades of cichlids have been found, one consisting of Madagascan and Indian species, and the other of two monophyletic groups, one in Africa and one in South America. However, the splits between the clades are more recent than the breakup of Gondwanaland which suggests that perhaps the cichlids achieved their distribution by dispersal. Both vicariance and dispersal could be the likely cause of the geographic distribution of cichlids. Species expand their ranges by dispersal which is a critical process for geographic isolation in evolution and the current geographic distributions. Most species are restricted to certain biogeographic realms by their dispersal ability but many species have expanded their range due to human transplant. For example, the European starling has expanded in North America following its introduction into New York City in 1896 (Futuyma, 2005). Transplanted species may disrupt the ecosystem at its new location by evolving and adapting to the new environment, possibly causing the extinction of native species. Adaptation to the environment as a primary product of evolution was suggested by Jean Baptiste Lamarck who believed that evolution is the best explanation of the diversity of life. Vicariance is the separation of populations of a widespread species by barriers arising from changes in climate, geology, or habitat. Vicariance can lead to speciation if populations are separated by a geographic barrier and evolve genetic reproductive isolation such that if the barrier disappears, the species can no longer interbreed. Natural selection is a powerful evolutionary force and therefore the genetic changes that result in reproductive isolation in vicariant speciation are likely due to adaptive evolution. Several geological processes can fragment a population into two, such as a mountain range emerging, rivers, lakes, or land bridges. Island biogeography is a very good example of evidence for evolution. Islands are generally where endemic species of plants and animals are found but Darwin observed that most island species are closely related to species from the nearest mainland or neighbouring island. Two islands that have similar environments in different parts of the world are populated by species that are taxonomically affiliated with the plants and animals of the nearest mainland which generally has a different environment. Speciation may occur on islands if a species that disperses from a mainland to an island succeeds in its new environment and gives rise to several new species as populations spread to other islands. Once isolated, geographically separated populations become genetically differentiated as a result of mutation and other processes such as natural selection. Environmental factors are likely to be different from one place to another so natural selection can contribute to geographic variation, differences in the gene pool between populations. Speciation is often a gradual process as the reproductive barriers between the groups is only partial in the beginning but leads to complete reproduction separation (Campbell and Reece, 2002). An example of vicariance and island biogeography is the finches on the Galapagos Islands. Darwin noticed that the finches he collected from the islands were very similar, but that they were in fact different species. Some were unique to individual islands, while other species were distributed on two or more islands that were close together. New finch species had arisen from an ancestral form by the gradual accumulation of adaptations to a different environment. For example, the different beak sizes of the finches are adapted to the specific food available to them on their home island. This is an example of species adapting and evolving to suit their new environment. The Hawaiian Islands are another example of the world’s showcase of evolution and island biogeography. Each island started bare but was gradually populated by species that either rode ocean currents or blew over in the wind, either from distant islands or continents. The physical diversity of each island provides many different environmental opportunities for evolutionary divergence by natural selection. Many of the plants and animals that are currently found on the islands are found nowhere else in the world, they are endemic to the Hawaiian archipelago (Campbell and Reece, 2002). The history of earth also helps to explain the current geographic distribution of species. For example, the emergence of volcanic islands such as the Galapagos opens new environments for species to inhabit and adaptive radiation fills many of the available niches with new species. On a global scale, continental drift is a major factor correlated with the spatial distribution of life and with such evolutionary episodes as mass extinctions followed by increases in biological diversity. The continents drift about earth’s surface on plates of crust floating on the hot mantle and their positions can therefore change relative to one another. At the end of the Paleozoic era, plate movements brought all the landmasses together into a super continent named Pangaea. Species that had been evolving in isolation were brought together at this point and forced to compete. The formation of Pangea reduced shoreline, drained shallow coastal areas, changed the climate and increased the area inland destroying a considerable amount of habitat and reshaping biodiversity. During the Mesozoic, Pangaea broke apart creating new continents that became separate evolutionary areas allowing flora and fauna to diverge. The diversity of life on earth is due to millions of years of evolution. Darwin and Wallace were both important figures in the field of biogeography as their interest and research led to ideas that are still apparent today. Historical geographic factors and the history of the earth are a few aspects that have led to current biodiversity. Biogeography shows compelling evidence that species evolve through natural selection by adapting to new environments. Speciation will continue to occur as the environment changes and as the continents continue to drift. References: Campbell, N. A, and Reece, J. B. 2002. Biology; Sixth Edition. Benjamin Cummings, San Francisco. Futuyma, D. J. 2005. Evolution. Sinauer Associates Inc. , Massachusetts.

Nivea: Softening and Standardizing Global Markets

The brand's positioning also made it distinct from other products on the market: It was a multipurpose cream sold at a price that made it available to the masses, rather than to only the upper-class women who were the competition's target market. Over the years, Naive's positioning strategy has remained as simple and steadfast as the now- familiar blue-and-white package. Despite all the technological developments the company has Introduced In skin care products, and all the markets it has sold In, Naive's marketing always focuses on key brand benefits-?high quality, reasonable price, straightforward approach, and mild skin care.This commitment to the mainstream market and focus on multipurpose applications means that every product introduced under the Naive name has to conform to guidelines which ensure that everyone working on the brand around the world knows what it stands for. Naive's marketing strategy is well stated by Roll Sunnis, chairman of the Beresford Group: â€Å"The str ategy of concentration on exploiting market potentials and regional growth opportunities is to be continued. The same applies to moves into new market segments and to increased investment in research and development. Exploiting market potentials means constantly Introducing new products that meet current market needs and the needs of newly targeted market segments. One example from the past Is Naive's emphasis on health and active lifestyles as more women went to work In the 1 sass. Others Include the Introduction of sunscreen, skin protection, and tanning products to match the more active, outdoor lifestyles In vogue from the sass to today: plus products for every skin type and need. To meet the needs of new market segments, Naive expanded its product lines to include children and men.All these new products were guided by the Naive standards: each product must meet a basic need, be simple and uncomplicated, not offer to solve only one specific problem, be a quality leader, and be p riced such that consumers perceive a balanced cost-benefit relationship. Bed's new product strategy was honed in the sass when competitive challenges prompted the company to take steps to revivalist the brand. It used a two-pronged approach. First, to counteract perceptions hat Naive had an older, less dynamic Image, the company for the first time described specific product benefits In Its advertising.Before this, advertising had focused on the variety of settings In which each product could be used, Second, BFD Introduced additional products that would leverage the recognition and reputation of the Naive name In growing segments AT ten mar et K . Nines are sun-Dramas, sun as Naive Shower and Bath, Naive for Men, Naive Sun, Naive Hair Care, Naive Body, Naive Visage, and the recently introduced Naive Baby. In 1990 BFD internationalization its rand's by creating a worldwide name for each product category and implementing common packaging on a global basis.Moreover, all ads, regardless of the country in which they ran, had to evoke a common emotion, use the same typeface, incorporate the same kinds of people, and use a uniform Naive logo. The result is a highly standardized approach to global marketing. Rather than focusing on the individual differences among peoples around the globe, the firm focuses on the similarities. After all, as one company official notes, all people have skin and many people have he same needs and ideas. This leads to a direct approach and a high degree of consistency.When a firm operates in as many markets as BFD, consistency, simplicity, and focus on the same benefits not only create a universal brand image, they also reduce headaches. Many fewer marketing decisions have to be made. Standardized advertising campaigns need be adapted only slightly by translation into the local language. Because the costs can be spread around the globe, it's much less expensive to run a single global campaign rather than many separate regional ones. And m arketing control is much simpler and easier with a standardized program.Packaging costs are reduced and product recognition is very high when people encounter the product in other countries and cultural situations. The second element of the BFD strategy is exploiting regional growth opportunities. Doing so, however, may necessitate some adjustments to the standardized approach. Because Naive Creme is a European product, its appeal and marketing approach can be very similar in many parts of the globe. The United States, Canada, Latin America, and South America were all populated by European settlers.This produces some commonality in cultural background and light skin type, with the result that many products developed for the German market can be sold in these markets with little or no product or marketing adaptation. A focus on healthy, glowing skin will sell cosmetics in nearly all these markets. Of course, the company might use darker-haired models with more olive complexions in th e Latin and South American markets. And it might develop tailored sub-brands and programs for important sub-segments of all these markets.However, as Naive moves further away from this common European cultural base, its products may be less well suited to the market. This is particularly true in African nations, where a majority of people have much darker skin and may require different sorts of moisturizer and sunscreen products. In between the European and African markets are the Asian markets, which are characterized by yellow and frequently more pale complexions. Although Naive sells well in some Asian markets, such as Indonesia and Thailand, it sells less well in Japan.The difference in sales is attributable to both market and cultural conditions. In the past, Japanese markets were strongly protected and there was relatively little competition from non- domestic manufacturers. Unfortunately for Japanese merchants, the resulting high prices provided a strong lure to foreign produ cers. When BFD first entered the Japanese market, it was highly successful. But as Japanese markets have opened up, competition has increased, price maintenance has been abolished, and prices have fallen.As a result, BFD has reduced the number of products sold there, and focused on ten more pro Detailed ones. I nerve are cultural Territories Detente markets sun as Germany, the United States, and Japan. Germany and the United States are classified as â€Å"low-context countries,† which means that ads should state explicitly what the product will do. Japan, in contrast, is a â€Å"high-context† country in which product claims do not need to be stated explicitly. Rather, because Japanese consumers want to form relationships with companies, the company itself should be prominently featured in advertising.If the company is worthy of consideration, then the quality of TTS products is assumed to be high. Thus, an advertising campaign prepared for Germany requires more than Ju st a little tweaking in order to promote products successfully in Japan. All these differences argue for more adaptation of Naive products and marketing to match cultural and market differences outside Germany and the European market. However, as economies develop, they tend to acquire many of the same tastes as developed economies. An example is Russia, where men -? especially younger men-?are beginning to spend more on cosmetics.They are eying many of the same brands as their Western European counterparts-?Gillette, Naive for Men, Old Spice, and a few designer brands such as Christian Dior, Airman, Boss Lance, Arms, Guy Larch, Gucci, and Pace Arabian. Price is not the crucial variable in the purchase decision-?men are buying based on product characteristics such as fragrance and brand awareness. For companies such as Naive and Gillette, which are willing to spend on advertising, the market seems quite responsive. The bottom line is the increasing homogeneities that argues against customization of arduous for specific markets.Speaking of bottom lines, Beresford has done very well with its own. Total sales for Beresford cosmetics business grew at 5. 7 percent in 1996, despite decreased sales of the company's higher priced Label and Atria lines and lower sales in Japan. The Naive line grew by 13. 3 percent, far outpacing the more expensive cosmetics and skin care products. However, growth around the world has been uneven. Although Bed's brands experienced double-digit growth in Eastern Europe, Scandinavia, Southern Europe, and South America, sales growth withinGermany and some Northern European countries has been much lower due to the difficult economic situation. Naive held its own in the United States, but grew by 36. 3 percent in Mexico. Despite strong growth in Thailand and Indonesia, sales in Asia and Australia fell by 10. 4 percent, affected by the downward trend in Japan and China. Compounding the Japanese losses are unfavorable exchange rates between th e yen and the mark, which reduced earnings even further. Even so, although the overall global picture for Beresford is quite good, it's still Just a little fuzzy in some parts of the world.

Free Essays on There Are No Children Here

There are no Children Here Alex Kotlowitz's book, There are no Children Here, deals with the subject of race, values, and community responsibility of the urban underclass. The American inner city deals with the issues such as violent crime and drug wars. With these two explosive issues, the neighborhood experiences the downward spiral of social separation, unemployment and welfare dependence. The lives of two black boys, Lafayette, 10 and Pharaoh, 7 are followed as they struggle to grow up in one of Chicago's worst housing projects. Lafayette and Pharaoh are not any different than many of their neighbors. Their mother is welfare dependent. Their father is an alcoholic and drug abuser. In the home, there are other siblings, an older brother and sister along with younger triplets, just like so many other families in the area. Kotlowitz takes you into an offensively maintained housing project infested with gangs, where murders and shootings are an everyday thing. The image of the devastation and the despair of no hope of the people living inside the project are vivid. One can truly sense the hopefulness, grasping the loss of family and ardently desire a new life for the boys. You hold out hope that things will work out for the boys. In America's minefield of urban life, Lafayette and Pharaoh are surrounded by violence and poverty through their lives. The neighborhood had no banks, no public libraries, no movie theatres, no skating rinks, or bowling allies. The lack of respectable businesses only contributes to the demise of the neighborhood and unemployment in the area. With the drug lords keeping shop in an abandoned building, drug abuse is rampant and shooting is common. There were no drug rehabilitation programs or centers to help combat the problem. Police feared going into the ghetto for their own safety. There are no Children Here embraces Lafayette and Pharaoh over a two-year period in which they struggle with school, attemp... Free Essays on There Are No Children Here Free Essays on There Are No Children Here The subject matter of the book shows the conditions of poor people in the subsidized housing projects of Chicago, Illinois. The Riverses are members of a poor family. The family lives in Henry Horner Homes, a subsidized housing project in Chicago. The family relies on welfare and federal assistance for support. They cannot afford most luxuries and many necessities; therefore, life is an ongoing struggle to survive. Many adults and children reside in the family's household. These extra family members further strain the family's resources and cramp their living room in the family's apartment. LaJoe has eight children, all living in the apartment: LaShawn, Weasel, Terence, Lafayette, Pharoah, Tammie, Tiffany, and Timothy. LaShawn has three children: one of which is named DeShawn. Terence has three children also: one of which is nicknamed "Snuggles." Paul, LaJoe's ex-husband, stays with the family on occasion. Leila Mae, LaJoe's mother, sometimes stays with the family. Gangs control the buildings in the projects. Gang members hire residents of the buildings to store weapons and drugs in their apartments. Gang members sell drugs in the neighborhoods and attempt to obtain help selling drugs from small children. Some gangs break into apartments to steal from them and use them as safe havens against the police and other law enforcement agencies. Gangs have "turf wars" which result in gun battles which injure and kill many people, most of which are innocent bystanders. The buildings of the Chicago Housing Authority are in disrepair and mismanaged. The employees at the Chicago Housing Authority embezzle money from the budget. A review finds several employees guilty and they are fired. The buildings of the Chicago Housing Authority are in disrepair. Rusted appliances litter the basements. The heating coils in the buildings' furnaces are missing. The buildings have not been painted in many years. Some buildings have numerous bloodstains in them fro... Free Essays on There Are No Children Here There are no Children Here Alex Kotlowitz's book, There are no Children Here, deals with the subject of race, values, and community responsibility of the urban underclass. The American inner city deals with the issues such as violent crime and drug wars. With these two explosive issues, the neighborhood experiences the downward spiral of social separation, unemployment and welfare dependence. The lives of two black boys, Lafayette, 10 and Pharaoh, 7 are followed as they struggle to grow up in one of Chicago's worst housing projects. Lafayette and Pharaoh are not any different than many of their neighbors. Their mother is welfare dependent. Their father is an alcoholic and drug abuser. In the home, there are other siblings, an older brother and sister along with younger triplets, just like so many other families in the area. Kotlowitz takes you into an offensively maintained housing project infested with gangs, where murders and shootings are an everyday thing. The image of the devastation and the despair of no hope of the people living inside the project are vivid. One can truly sense the hopefulness, grasping the loss of family and ardently desire a new life for the boys. You hold out hope that things will work out for the boys. In America's minefield of urban life, Lafayette and Pharaoh are surrounded by violence and poverty through their lives. The neighborhood had no banks, no public libraries, no movie theatres, no skating rinks, or bowling allies. The lack of respectable businesses only contributes to the demise of the neighborhood and unemployment in the area. With the drug lords keeping shop in an abandoned building, drug abuse is rampant and shooting is common. There were no drug rehabilitation programs or centers to help combat the problem. Police feared going into the ghetto for their own safety. There are no Children Here embraces Lafayette and Pharaoh over a two-year period in which they struggle with school, attemp... Free Essays on There Are No Children Here As we are often clouded by our optimistic views of society and equality, we tend to assume that every child has an equal chance at growing up and achieving their own â€Å"American Dream.† We would all like to believe that children are growing up in equal environments that allow them to develop and succeed in life. However, these optimistic views are not at all realistic. Though we want to see equal opportunities for every child, the stark truth about poverty stricken housing projects is a matter that certainly exists. The idea of fairness we have made up in our minds is not often the case, and through Alex Kotlowitz’s There Are No Children Here, our eyes are opened to many of the harsh situations such as poverty, gangs, racism, and violence that children are forced to grow up in. Alex Kotlowitz attempts to expose the truths of poverty, race, and children throughout his literary works. He is widely known for his concerns for urban affairs and social issues in his writings in The Wall Street Journal. Kotlowitz grew up in New York City and worked as a community organizer in Atlanta in the mid-70’s. He graduated from Wesleyan University in Middletown, Connecticut where he received two degrees. Before the start of his career with The Wall Street Journal he worked as a freelance journalist, contributing to â€Å"The MacNeil-Lebrer Newshour,† National Public Radio, and numerous magazines. In 1985 he was approached to write an essay for a Chicago magazine on the subject of children living in poverty. His first book, There Are No Children Here, came about from a series of articles he wrote for The Wall Street Journal. This book has received a number of awards including the Helen B. Bernstein Award for Excellence in Journalism, the Carl Sandburg A ward and a Christopher Award. His ability to accurately portray the children of the Chicago projects while still informing the reader’s heart has been recognized by many and earned the...

Parkinson Disease

Parkinson Disease Introduction Parkinson’s disease is one of the neurological disorders referred to as motor system disorders considering that these conditions are implicated in the loss of brain cells particularly dopamine-producing cells. As a result, Parkinson’s disease is recognized by four primary symptoms including stiffness or rigidity (of the trunk and limbs), bradykinesia, tremor or trembling (in the hands, arms, face, legs, and jaw), and postural instability.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Parkinson Disease specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand, progression of the primary symptoms leads to more pronounced symptoms such as difficulties in carrying out simple tasks, talking, or walking. Additionally, PD is common among the elderly people above the age of 50 years with the early symptoms being subtle and gradual while individual differences are obvious in terms of disease progression. Here, progression of the primary symptoms results into more pronounced effects such as interference with normal physiological activities in the patient’s body. Moreover, PD is associated with depression; emotional changes; skin problems; constipation; sleep disruptions; and difficulties in speaking, swallowing, and chewing (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [NINDS], 2012a). Currently, there are no known diagnostic tests for PD, and hence, many doctors rely on medical histories and other neurological examinations for diagnosis. As a result, many challenges are encountered during PD diagnosis, and the accuracy of tests is not guaranteed. Moreover, differential diagnosis may be initiated to rule out the presence of other related conditions. On the other hand, there is no known cure for Parkinson’s disease, but various medications and therapeutic interventions, which provide remarkable symptomatic relief, are available (NINDS, 2012a; Claassen, van den Wilde nberg, Ridderinkhof, 2011; Wilkinson, Beigi, Lagnado, Jahanshahi, 2011; Tiihonen, Lankinen, Viemero, 2008). This research paper compares and contrasts the effectiveness of pharmacological interventions such as the administration of Levodopa, Carbidopa, anticholinergics, and other drugs; the deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgical therapy, and the cognitive-behavioral patient education programs in the reduction or management of symptoms in PD. Additionally, this paper will recommend the most appropriate approach to treating PD in addition to examining the neuro-physiological foundations of diseases and/or disorders, and the contemporary attitudes toward the three therapeutic interventions listed above.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Approaches to the Treatment of Parkinson’s disease Pharmacological Interventions Amid enormous progress in the treatment of PD in the last few years, Levodopa has been the most effective medical therapy for controlling symptoms in PD. Additionally, other drugs such as dopamine agonists (DA), non-dopaminergic agents, and catechol-o-methyl-transferase (COMT) inhibitors have shown considerable success in controlling PD symptoms (Jankovic Aguilar, 2008; Claassen et al., 2011). However, it is important to note that before initiating any form of medical therapy, there is the need to assess the levels of motor, sensory, autonomic, and mental impairment through correct diagnosis. Additionally, the medical interventions should be individualized for each patient. Accordingly, Levodopa is very effective in ameliorating bradykinesia-related symptoms in PD patients. Despite its efficacy, studies indicate that Levodopa is implicated in the development of motor complications (fluctuations and dyskinesias). However, the conventional preparation of Levodopa and Carbidopa improves the therapeutic efficacy of Levodopa . In addition, it is recommended that the onset of Levodopa therapy should be delayed to avoid the underlying motor complications associated with the drug (Jankovic Aguilar, 2008). In addition to the duration and cumulative dose of Levodopa therapy, other risk factors such as the genetic predispositions to PD have been implicated in the development of Levodopa-induced dyskinesias. As a result, reduction of the cumulative dosage, the use of antidyskinetic drugs, and surgery improves Levodopa-induced dyskinesias. Despite the effectiveness of Levodopa in controlling PD symptoms, studies indicate that the drug may be neurotoxic. Additionally, the duration of treatment with Levodopa has been implicated in the development of Levodopa-induced complications, which underlie delays in the initiation of Levodopa therapy until the PD symptoms start to interfere with the body functions and patient’s lifestyles (Jankovic Aguilar, 2008). As a result, it is recommended to use dopamine agon ists (DA) prior to initiating Levodopa therapy considering that DA agonists can improve PD symptoms, and hence, becoming an alternative to delaying the initiation of Levodopa therapy. The efficacy of DA agents depends on their ability to activate DA receptors by circumventing the synthesis of DA in the presynaptic membrane.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Parkinson Disease specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As a result, studies indicate that the activation of D2 receptors in concurrence with D1 stimulation mediates the effects of DA agonists in terms of improving physiological and behavioral effects associated with PD. Among the DA agonists in use, Pramipexole is the most effective and safe drug, which can be administered as monotherapy, and hence, achieving Levodopa sparing, exerting neuroprotective effects, and improving PD clinical symptoms. However, studies indicate that Levodopa still remains superior to DA agonists in terms of providing prolonged motor control; longer life expectancy; and lower levels of hallucinations, edema, and vomiting in comparison to DA agonists (Jankovic Aguilar, 2008). In the early stages of PD treatment, non-dopaminergic drugs including anticholinergics and amantadine have been shown to provide similar levels of symptomatic relief as their dopaminergic counterparts. Most importantly, anticholinergics are effective in controlling tremors among young PD patients. However, the usefulness of anticholinergics in controlling PD symptoms has been limited by various side effects such as urinary complications, dry mouth, and cognitive impairment. Generally, pharmacological approaches to the treatment of PD are quite effective despite the underlying side effects. Additionally, it is important to individualize therapies on the basis of scientific rationale, which should aim at controlling symptoms and disease progression (Jankovic Aguilar, 2008). Deep Brain Stimul ation (DBS) Therapy Due to the underlying side effects associated with pharmacological approaches to PD treatment, contemporary studies aided by technological advancements have increased the understanding of the mechanisms regarding neurodegeneration, and therefore, providing effective therapeutic strategies to PD treatment such as DBS.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Unlike the use of pharmacological agents for controlling PD symptoms, DBS employs surgical procedures to treat neurological symptoms such as tremor, walking problems, stiffness or rigidity, and slowed movement (National Institute of Neurological Disorder and Stroke [NINDS], 2012b; Wilkinson et al., 2011). However, despite DBS providing an alternative approach to controlling many debilitating symptoms in comparison to pharmacological agents, its current use is limited to patients whose response to medications is inadequate. Basically, DBS is a cognitive approach to treating PD, which utilizes a surgically implanted neurostimulator to send electrical signals to specific sections of the brain particularly the areas controlling movement. As a result, the artificial signals block the abnormal signals implicated in the development of essential tremor and other PD symptoms. In comparison to pharmacological agents whose administration is aided by diagnostic tests, which may be inaccurate an d unreliable, DBS surgical therapy is aided by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or Computed Tomography (CT) techniques for initial PD diagnosis. These techniques are used to scan the brain in order to locate the exact position of nerve signals, which produce PD symptoms (NINDS, 2012b; Jankovic Aguilar, 2008; Wilkinson et al., 2011). Additionally, DBS surgical therapy may involve the use of microelectrode recording devices to monitor nerve cells within a specific area to identify and locate precise brain targets more accurately. In most cases, initial PD diagnosis identifies and locates the globus pallidus, thalamus, and subthalamic nucleus as the target areas within the brain, which are subject to abnormal nerve functioning. Therefore, it is evident that the initiation of DBS surgical therapy is founded on accurate determination of specific brain regions exhibiting abnormal nervous functioning in order to administer accurate symptomatic interventions. Compared to pharmacological ag ents whose targets are non-specific, DBS surgical therapy is more specific, and achieves remarkable symptomatic relief in real-time (Jankovic Aguilar, 2008; Wilkinson et al., 2011). Accordingly, the basic DBS system includes the lead, the extension, and the neurostimulator. After identifying and locating the target area, the lead (electrode) is inserted through the skull with the tip of the lead reaching the target area. The extension (electrical wire) connects the lead to the neurostimulator, and in most cases, it passes under the skin around the head, neck, and shoulders. The neurostimulator is a battery-operated device inserted under the skin around the collarbone, chest, or the abdomen. Upon installation, artificial electrical impulses are delivered right from the neurostimulator through the extension to the lead, and finally to the targeted areas in the brain. As the impulses reach the brain, they interfere or block the activities of abnormal nerve signals, which produce PD sy mptoms, and hence providing immediate and prolonged symptomatic relief. In comparison to pharmacological agents, DBS surgical therapy is an effective PD treatment strategy that achieves symptomatic relief with minimal or no side effects. Furthermore, DBS does not cause damage to brain tissues or nerve cells as opposed to earlier surgical procedures (NINDS, 2012b). Most importantly, the stimulation generated by the neurostimulator can be adjusted whenever the patients begin to show remarkable improvement. However, most PD patients are required to take their medications post-DBS treatment, but studies indicate that a good number of patients experience low levels of PD symptoms after undergoing DBS surgery, and therefore, the frequency of taking medications is greatly reduced. Consequently, the reduced frequency of medication intake improves the associated side effects including dyskinesias (NINDS, 2012b). Cognitive-Behavioral Patient Education Programs From the foregoing discussions, it is apparent that both the pharmacological agents and surgical therapies improve various PD symptoms with remarkable effectiveness. However, none of the two therapeutic interventions seeks to address other aspects of PD such as the patients’ quality of life, psychosocial welfare, and depression. As a result, the cognitive-behavioral patient education programs for persons with PD are alternative symptom management approaches to treating PD through evaluating the patients’ capacity to adjust to the disease symptoms, training the patients to cope with symptoms, and providing supportive services (Tiihonen et al., 2008). Therefore, the initial approaches to these programs entail measuring the psychosocial effects of disease symptoms. For example, it is recognized that PD affects both the primary motor functions of patients and the psychological/social functions of patients through the physical symptoms, which influence the patients’ normal activities. Therefore, th e primary symptoms may lead to other secondary symptoms such as depression, social stress, lack of motivation, and lack of emotions. The prevalence of depression among PD patients ranges from 7-70%. Additionally, the motor symptoms associated with PD have been associated with social stigmatization. Subsequently, the behavioral symptoms may as well worsen the primary motor symptoms. For instance, studies indicate that stress increases the negative effects of motor symptoms in patients with PD. As a result, the synergistic association between the primary and secondary PD symptoms is a matter of concern for many scientists. Consequently, many researchers have recommended various intervention approaches aiming at reducing the psychosocial consequences of PD. Here, patient education forms the basis for supporting patients through their efforts to improve their lives. Therefore, patient education complements the work of medical and surgical treatments. Moreover patient education dissemina tes knowledge and instrumental skills to persons with PD in order to increase capacity in terms of self-management (managing behavioral and emotional stressors). Basically, the programs utilize stress resistance training, relaxation training, cognitive restructuring, and social skills training to achieve various goals particularly improving self-management skills among the patients (Tiihonen et al., 2008). Therefore, compared to the other two therapeutic interventions, cognitive-behavioral programs employ different approaches toward reducing psychosocial consequences of PD, which are directly associated with motor symptoms. Overall, this is a very effective therapeutic strategy compared to the other two in ameliorating the psychosocial symptoms of PD such as depression and social stigmatization. Hence, it is obvious from the foregoing discussions that no one therapeutic intervention is effective in controlling all the symptoms associated with PD. This is because pharmacological agen ts have side effects despite their remarkable efficacy in controlling some of the PD symptoms. On the other hand, DBS surgical therapy is quite effective in reducing a good number of PD symptoms, but it must be used concurrently with other medical therapies. Further, cognitive-behavioral approaches to treating PD are very effective in reducing psychosocial consequences of PD with minimal or no effect to motor symptoms of PD. As a result, the most effective approach to treating PD should entail the use of all the three treatment options. The reason why the three treatment options will work together is that they complement one another. For example, pharmacological agents cannot achieve complete treatment due to inherent limitations and side effects, and thus, DBS surgical therapy may compensate for these limitations. Conversely, the two treatment options may not be effective in controlling psychosocial symptoms of PD, and therefore, cognitive-behavioral therapies should come into play . The Neuro-physiological underpinnings of Diseases and Disorders The discussions above highlight different approaches to diagnosing and treating PD, which is a neurological disorder or disease. Therefore, it is important to analyze the scientific foundations underlying these approaches. Over the years, scientists in the field of clinical neurophysiology have been involved in neuro-physiological studies with the aim of providing insights into the diagnosis and treatment of neurological diseases and disorders. Here, these scientists measure and assess the activities of the central nervous system, the peripheral nervous system, and the skeletal muscles using various neuro-physiological procedures. The most common procedures underlying various neuro-physiological studies include polysomnography, EMG, EEG, MEG, movement monitoring, and intraoperative monitoring among others (Walton, 2001). Some of these procedures such as EEG and EMG are employed in the measurement of direct signals or potentials originating from the body systems or muscles. These mechanisms underlie the process of identifying and locating specific target areas exhibiting abnormal functions as noted earlier. On the other hand, chemical and mechanical techniques are used in measuring various parameters such as respiratory effort, blood pressure, behavioral monitoring, oxygen saturation, and body motion among others. Moreover, these techniques may be used together or separately for epilepsy monitoring, neonatal EEG recording, and movement analysis (Walton, 2003). Therefore, the correct selection and application of the procedures described above requires that one understands the scientific foundations of clinical neurology and normal neurophysiology in order to identify and locate abnormal functions associated with different neurological diseases and disorders under investigation. Here, it is important to note that the specialty of clinical neurophysiology deals with many diseases and disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, polyneuropathies, myopathies, epilepsy, dementia, sleep disorders, developmental or genetic disorders, and many more (Walton, 2003). On the other hand, with the advent of the current technological advancements, more accurate and faster procedures of diagnosis are becoming available to the field of neurophysiology. As a result, there is the need to embrace the efficiency and effectiveness that comes with the new technologies by incorporating them into the existing procedures in order to realize the full benefits of both. Currently, many people are of the opinion that the current diagnostic procedures and even the therapeutic interventions for different diseases and disorders are not adequate or effective in one way or another. Consequently, these contemporary attitudes toward the current procedures and treatment options will guide the future of diagnosis and treatment of various neurological diseases/disorders including Parkinson’s disease. Ultim ately, the future of treatment approaches for PD will be marked by the advent of more advanced procedures, which will utilize the neuro-physiological foundations underlying the three treatment options described in the foregoing discussions. Besides the future treatment strategies will be tailored to fit into the requirements of individualized therapies. References Claassen, D.O., van den Wildenberg, W.P.M., Ridderinkhof, K.R. (2011). The risky business of dopamine agonists in Parkinson Disease and impulse control disorders. Behavioral Neuroscience, 125(4), 492-500. Jankovic, J., Aguilar, L.G. (2008). Current approaches to the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat., 4(4), 743-757. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [NINDS]. (2012a). NINDS Parkinson’s disease. USA: National Institutes of Health. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [NINDS]. (2012b). NINDS Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson’s disease. USA: National Institutes of Health. Tiihonen, S., Lankinen, A., Viemero, V. (2008). An evaluation of a cognitive behavioral patient education program for persons with Parkinson’s disease in Finland. Nordic Psychology, 60(4), 316-331. Walton, J. (2001). Neurology-history: The oxford companion to medicine. New York: Oxford University Press. Wilkinson, L., Beigi, M., Lagnado, D.A., Jahanshahi, M. (2011). Deep Brain Stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus selectively improves learning of weakly associated cue combinations during probabilistic classification learning in Parkinson’s disease. Neuropsychology, 25(3), 286-294.

IPC PAPER Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

IPC PAPER - Essay Example This is an early indication of depreciating relationship in that the first three stages of the Knapp’s model – initiating, experimenting, and intensifying – skipped into the last three stages of the model: stagnating and avoiding, and almost terminating. But Danny decided to salvage his relationship with Palmer by telling her that he is getting a divorce soon and to prove this he asked his long-time friend and office manager, Katherine, to pretend as his wife. Danny and Katherine planned that Katherine would grant what Danny wanted when the three of them meet. At this point, it seems like the relationships in a film are going in circles: first, it goes through the increasing intimacy of the characters such as when Danny and Palmer met and they had slept together. But it was followed by rather degradation of relationship or a decreased intimacy after Palmer learned that Danny is married. In other words, this is to say that Knapp’s model does not necessarily describe relational developments in a way that it follows the order of the model perfectly but it could skip one stage to another. Danny was able to convince Palmer that he and his made-over wife Katherine will get a divorce soon and this has been done by Katherine telling Palmer and Danny that she is happy for both of them. At this point, the relationship of Danny and Palmer is restored and they both got to the increasing intimacy of their relationship. Danny and Palmer reached the level of integrating wherein Palmer is being introduced to Danny’s made-over family. Palmer even met up with Danny’s children, Maggie and Michael. The level of bonding in the film is quite confusing and complex in the film. This is because although it is Danny and Palmer that is having a relationship, Katherine also pretended to Devlin – Danny’s former girlfriend – that Danny is her husband. Because of this, the level of

Visual Journalist Websites Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Visual Journalist Websites - Research Paper Example All the photographers seem interested in imagery that combines giving their photos life as well as motion. I spent an average of 5 minutes on websites created by Tatu Blomqvist, Jody MacDonald, and Jack Gruber since still imagery did not attract my attention that much (thomasboyd 2). In contrast, I spent an average of 10 minutes on Ami Vitale’s Website and 20 minutes on Thomas’s website since the overall pictorial display attracted my attention due to the amount of creativity implemented in designing slideshows displayed in the WebPages. After pasting the names of the photographers individually on Google, I noticed a specific trend that every artist has links to several social networking sites such as Twitter, Facebook, and LinkedIn. The artists have a high dependency on the social sites in order to popularize their work as well as their hosting websites (jody macdonald photography 1). A closer look revealed that all the artists had posted their profiles and portfolios on these sites in a bid to increase their visibility to potential clients. It a good way of interacting with fellow enthusiasts of photography as well as marketing their skills and previous work that is ready for sale. If I was to design my own website based on the format implemented by the above photography artists, I would include more links to my profile in order to market my skills in the trade to potential clients (Vitale 2). In addition, I would also include an online subscriber’s log that can allow funs of my work to view and download photos for their own personal consumption (Gruber 1). This will help me to monitor the traffic directed to my websites as a way of gauging its popularity among photography lovers. Lastly, I would include a safe billing system on the website that can allow online shoppers to pay for their purchases using their credit